Published March 9, 2025 | Version 1.1.0
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Experimental study on cement paste using the ultrasonic pulse transmission method

Authors/Creators

  • 1. ROR icon Graz University of Technology

Description

This record contains the data descriptor to an experimental study on cement paste at the early hydration stage. The manuscript (preprint, submitted) is holding an elaborate description about all testing materials, testing devices and testing procedures used for that experimental study. Furthermore, the data sets resulting from the measurement data and their structure is described in detail. Forthermore, this is the version of the data descriptor submitted to Scientific Data (ISSN: 2052-4463).

This preprint has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this article is published in Scientific Data, and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07659-5

Abstract (English)

Cement paste is a hydraulic binding agent made of water and cement. It gives the concrete its solid material matrix when hardened. The hardening of the cement paste relies on the exothermic chemical process referred to as hydration. The progress of the hydration and the associated development of the mechanical material properties depend primarily on the materials' composition and the hydration temperature. These circumstances were taken into account in the design of this experimental study by deliberately varying the water-to-cement mass ratio and the specimen size. A test series on cement paste made of ordinary Portland cement and tap water was conducted using the ultrasonic pulse transmission method with combined compression and shear wave measurement.
All measurement data and metadata were finally compiled into datasets in the open-source, binary file format of GNU Octave. These datasets can serve as a database for the development of mechanical models or for feature extraction in the context of machine learning.

Abstract (German)

Zementleim ist ein hydraulisches Bindemittel, bestehend aus Wasser und Zement, das dem Beton im erhärteten Zustand in Form von Zementstein seine solide Materialmatrix verleiht. Die Erhärtung des Zementleims erfolgt hierbei durch einen exothermen, chemischen Prozess, der als Hydration bezeichnet wird. Der Fortschritt dieses Vorgangs und die damit einhergehende Entwicklung der mechanischen Materialparameter hängt ganz wesentlich von der Zusammensetzung der Materialien und dem Temperaturgeschehen während des Vorgangs ab. Diesen Umständen wurde im Design dieser experimentellen Studie durch die gezielte Variation von Wasser-zu-Zement-Verhältnis und Probengröße Rechnung getragen. Im Zuge der Studie wurde eine Serie von Laborversuchen unter Verwendung des Ultraschall-Puls-Transmissionsverfahrens mit kombinierter Kompressions- und Scherwellenmessung (FreshCon) durchgeführt. Für die Zementleime kam gewöhnlicher Portland-Zement und Leitungswasser zur Anwendung. Alle Messdaten wurden abschließend in Datensätzen, unter Verwendung eines Befehlsskripts und des offenen, binären Datenformat von GNU Octave, zusammengefasst. Die Datensätze dienen als Datenbasis für die Entwicklung von mechanischen Modellen, oder für die Feature-Extraktion im Maschine-Learning-Kontext.

Table of contents (English)

Document outline (article)

  • Titlepage, Abstract
  • 1 Background & Summary
  • 2 Methods
    • 2.1 Study design
    • 2.2 Experimental setup
    • 2.3 Testing devices
    • 2.4 Materials
    • 2.5 Environmental conditions
    • 2.6 Testing procedures
    • 2.7 Data acquisition
    • 2.8 Computational processing
    • 2.9 Analysis methods for the technical validation
  • 3 Data Records
    • 3.1 Availability
    • 3.2 Record content
    • 3.3 Data structure - raw data datasets
    • 3.4 Data structure - compiled binary datasets
  • 4 Technical Validation
  • 5 Usage Notes
  • 6 Code Availability
  • Authors Contributions
  • Competing Interests
  • Acknowledgements
  • References

Technical info

Document statistics (article)

  • Pages: 57
  • Page size: DIN A4
  • Tables: 12
  • Figures: 14
  • References: 52

Supplementary document statistics

  • Pages: 3
  • Page size: DIN A4, DIN A1
  • Tables: 0
  • Figures: 2
  • References: 0

Files and file formats

The .tex files represent the original LaTeX document from which the .pdf files were compiled. Furthermore, the .tex files can be compiled as they are without referencing any external data or files ("standalone"). The .pdf files were compiled using TeXstudio 4.8.7 (Build: 4.8.7+ds-1).

Files

article.pdf

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Additional details

Identifiers

DOI
10.20944/preprints202503.2008.v1

Describes
Dataset: 10.3217/bhs4g-m3z76 (DOI)
Dataset: 10.3217/bjkrj-pg829 (DOI)
Dataset: 10.3217/hn7we-q7z09 (DOI)
Dataset: 10.3217/w3mb5-1wx17 (DOI)
Is obsoleted by
Data paper: 10.1038/s41597-026-07659-5 (DOI)
Is supplemented by
Software: 10.3217/xmrmb-5ap42 (DOI)
References
Software: 10.3217/bcydt-6ta35 (DOI)
Software: 10.3217/d3p6m-w7d64 (DOI)
Software: 10.3217/c1ccn-8m982 (DOI)

Dates

Submitted
2025-03-09
Scientific Data (ISSN: 2052-4463)

References

  • Harden, J. Ultraschall-Puls-Transmissionsverfahren: Automatisierte Drift- Erkennung in Signalreihen von Zementleimen im frühen Stadium der Hydratation. https://doi.org/10.3217/e7vj3-fag18 (May 2023).
  • Harden, J. Ultrasonic through-transmission method: Characterization and detection of the electromagnetic disturbances caused by pulse excitation observed in combined compression and shear wave measurements of cement paste. https://doi.org/10.3217/eh2ek-56e78 (July 2023).
  • Maruyama, I. & Igarashi, G. Cement Reaction and Resultant Physical Properties of Cement Paste. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology 12, 200213. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.12.200 (2014).
  • Illston, J. & Domone, P. Construction Materials: Their Nature and Be- haviour 3rd ed. isbn : 9780419258605 (Taylor & Francis, 2001).
  • Nagaraj, T. & Banu, Z. Generalization of Abrams' law. Cement and Con- crete Research 26, 933942. issn : 0008-8846. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(96)00065-8 (1996).
  • Kargari, A., Eskandari-Naddaf, H. & Kazemi, R. Eect of cement strength class on the generalization of Abrams' law. Structural Concrete 20, 493 505. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201700275 (2019).
  • Wong, H. & Buenfeld, N. Determining the watercement ratio, cement content, water content and degree of hydration of hardened cement paste: Method development and validation on paste samples. Cement and Con- crete Research 39, 957965. issn : 0008-8846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ce mconres.2009.06.013 (2009).
  • Haach, V. G., Vasconcelos, G. & Lourenço, P. B. Inuence of aggregates grading and water/cement ratio in workability and hardened properties of mortars. eng. 25, 29802987. issn : 0950-0618 (2011).
  • Ji, Y., Pel, L. & Sun, Z. The microstructure development during bleeding of cement paste: An NMR study. Cement and Concrete Research 125, 105866. issn : 0008-8846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.10586 6 (2019).
  • Lim, Y. Y., Smith, S. T. & Soh, C. K. Wave propagation based monitoring of concrete curing using piezoelectric materials: Review and path forward. NDT & E International 99, 5063. issn : 0963-8695. https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.ndteint.2018.06.002 (2018).
  • Ruck, H.-J., Groÿe, C. & Reinhardt, H.-W. Automatisierung der Ultra- schallmessung von Frischbeton. NDT.net. https://www.ndt.net/article/d gzfp01/papers/p05/p05.htm (May 21, 2021).
  • Ballas, R. The Piezoelectric Eect an Indispensable Solid State Eect for Contemporary Actuator and Sensor Technologies. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1775, 12. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1775/1 /012012 (Jan. 2021).
  • Yoshida, S. Fundamentals of Acoustic Waves and Applications 1st ed., 65 85, 87121. 170 pp. isbn : 978-3-031-48200-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/978 -3-031-48200-7 (Springer Cham, May 1, 2024).
  • Roeser, W. Thermoelectric Thermometry. Journal of Applied Physics 11, 388407. issn : 0021-8979. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1712788 (June 1940).
  • Garrett, S. L. Understanding Acoustics: An Experimentalist's View of Sound and Vibration 2nd ed. isbn : 9783030447878. https://link.springer.com/bo ok/10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8 (2020) (2020).